Biography:

Amr I.M. Hawal has his expertise in evaluation and passion in improving the health and wellbeing. His open and contextual evaluation model based on responsive constructivists creates new pathways for improving health care especially in Neonatology field. He has built this model after years of experience in research, evaluation, teaching and administration both in hospital and education institutions. Our case presentation was done in one of the biggest & modern of art & advanced NICU based on tertiary generation level in the region (Latifa Hospital, DHA, Dubai, UAE).

Abstract:

Background and Aims: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a highly prevalent condition that causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Conventional therapies include lifestyle modification, oral pharmacological agents, and subcutaneous insulin. Emerging data suggest that natural approaches to the treatment of DM may help supplement current therapies for further glycemic control. Herein, we review the evidence of several natural modalities for DM treatment. We describe the pathophysiology of diabetes and its complications, provide an overview of current pharmacologic treatments, and finally, discuss natural approaches to diabetes management. Specifically, we will describe on the utility of diet, physical activity, and common natural products in the treatment of newly diagnosed cases of DM and focus on recent, high-quality studies. Adverse effects and potential interactions of each therapy will be highlighted where applicable.

Biography:

Malak Alia is an Arab Board Certified Pediatrician. She earned her medical degree from Damascus University and later obtained her master's degree in Pediatrics form the same university. Subsequently she obtained Arab Board of Health Specialization in Pediatrics. She is certified in basic life support (BLS), neonatal resuscitation (NRP) and pediatric advanced life support (PALS). Malak Alia has 7 years of experience in pediatric field and recently working as a specialist in Prime Health Group in UAE.

Abstract:

Our literature review study reflects the light on phthalates which are widely used in many & different aspects of our children daily practices & try to get the answers for the following important questions. How are we exposed to phthalates? Do these chemicals that our children are widely exposed to since even their prenatal period & throughout their lives have real high risks & dangers on their health? Is the use of these chemicals essential for our kids or we can avoid and replace them with other non-risky substances & hazardous chemical free products...!! Recently, a lot of systematic review studies have been done to investigate the possible relations between the most common chemical substances that we use daily and possible risks & health problems that may affect our children. Among the chemicals that have been studied intensively in the last few years are Phthalates which are known endocrine disruptors due to their anti-androgenic and/ or estrogenic effects!

The purpose & Objectives: Our study is to provide an overview of phthalates which are widely and commonly chemicals used by our children daily, and the possible relations between their use and some of the common health problems & disorders that affect children in order to raise the awareness among parents & health care providers regarding their potential health impacts on children and to provide a proper guidance that help to minimize the avoidable exposure to these risky chemicals and replace them with hazardous chemicals free products till we get enough studies that prove or disprove their risks & effects.

Methods & Results: Our study tries to search through, emphasis on & spot the light on the use of phthalates that are commonly & widely used in most of our children life aspects, searches for their possible risks & hazards on our kids' health, tries to get relations & connections between these substances & common pediatric health problems & disorders. In our study we reviewed the data collected from many evidences based systematic reviews and Cohort studies have dealt with these hazardous substances & stated the high incidence of their risks & their bad impacts on our kids' health & prove the relation of these chemicals to certain problems that affect children.

Recommendations: Our study concluded & suggested that it is better to eliminate exposure to these chemicals as evidences are rising against their safety. It's very important to increase the awareness among parents & health care providers regarding the possible risks of these chemicals and provide them the most proven practical tips for their avoidance. Further epidemiological studies should be conducted in the future to enhance our knowledge in this area.

Biography:

Gehan Ismael Mohamed is a Family Physician whose experience in the field spans 20 years, backed by a higher education degree from Netherlands. She is pioneering as an open and contextual evaluation model based on constructive responses, which has led in the creation of new methods to improve primary Maternity & Child healthcare. Gehan has established this model following her years of experiences in medical practice, research, evaluation, and teaching in hospitals and medical Facilities in the region, including Egypt and the Saudi Arabia.                                 

Abstract:

Background and Aims: Acute Diarrhea (AD) is a highly prevalent condition that causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Conventional therapies include oral Rehydration Solutions (ORS), Antibiotics and Zinc Products. Emerging data suggest that Probiotics use in the treatment & control of AD cases in children may help supplement current therapies for further control.

Herein, we review the evidence of several Probiotics modalities for AD treatment. We describe the Clinical Impact & prevalence of Acute Diarrhea in children and its complications, provide an overview of current treatments, and finally, discuss recent emergent Gut approaches to AD management. Specifically, we will describe - in a Comparative study - on the utility of different kinds of Probiotics known & used and common natural products in the treatment of acute cases of AD and focus on recent, high-quality studies. Adverse effects and potential interactions of each therapy will be highlighted where applicable.

Biography:

Monika Kaushal is holding an MBBS, MD Pediatrics, DM Neonatology and FRCPCH. She has an extensive experience, which is confirmed by her qualifications in pediatrics and neonatology and her experience in teaching. In teaching she was provided capability and support not just in UAE but she does on an ongoing basis to the Indian neonatology forum and Indian Academy of pediatrics and Egypt. She has several publications in journals which are indexed both nationally and internationally indexed journals.

Abstract:

Aim: To highlight recent advances in nutrition of preterm infants

Objective: Outcomes in neonatology has improved dramatically in the last 3 decades. Improved survival- associated with increasing short term the reasons why nutrition is important are short term and long term benefits. The short term benefits are Protection from infection Avoidance of metabolic bone disease Trend towards lesser ROP and Early discharge. The long term effects are Subsequent Growth Abnormal neurological outcome and Adult onset obesity, CAD, stroke. There are challenges in meeting their nutrion due to the fact that they are born with limited nutritional reserve – 200-400 kCal, Immature metabolic pathways – glucose/ protein, increased nutrient demands – sickness, insensible losses, catabolism and that makes them susceptible for more risk of medical and surgical problems. We will take up in details the Goals of nutrition, what, how and when to feed, Assessment of feeding intolerance and Fortification. Principles of optimum feeding are Reaching full enteral feeds at the earliest, avoidance of sepsis, vascular catheter related complications, providing optimal macro and micronutrients and avoiding the adverse effects of rapid feeding.

Biography:

Susan Marshall is a Registered Dietitian in the Neonatal ICU at Children’s Hospital Colorado. She is a board certified specialist in Pediatric Nutrition, Pediatric Critical Care, and is a Certified Nutrition Support Clinician. She is integrally involved in quality improvement initiatives for high risk and critically ill infants and serves as a subject matter expert for the Pediatric Specialist in Critical Care board exam. Her clinical interests include improving growth and outcomes for infants with pulmonary hypoplasia and congenital diaphragmatic hernia, in addition to other neonatal disease states.

Abstract:

Objectives: Selenium (Se) is an essential trace mineral important in neonatal development that contributes to oxidative stress. Se deficiency in preterm infants is associated with late onset sepsis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. It is unclear if American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition Se recommendations is sufficient. We evaluated if ASPEN recommended Se dosing (2 mcg/kg/d) is sufficient in high-risk infants.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed Se levels from January 2017 to August 2019. Infants were included if they received total or partial TPN for ³4 weeks. Normal Se status was defined as 45-90 ng/mL. Se deficient infants received Se dosing at 5-7 mcg/kg/d and were re-evaluated after 4 weeks. Results are reported as mean ±SD.

Results: Selenium levels were assessed for 39 infants, average GA 29.8 ±5.36 weeks and average birth weight 1499 ±837 g. At first Se assessment, 78% of infants were deficient, with a mean Se level of 40.95 ±12 ng/mL. After 4 weeks of higher Se dosing, 35% of infants remained deficient, with a mean of 54.04 ±14 ng/mL. By t-test, fewer infants were Se deficient on higher dosing (p <0.0003).

Conclusion: Infants on prolonged TPN > 4 weeks are at high risk for Se deficiency. Se dosing at 2mcg/kg/day is insufficient for a majority of high-risk babies. Higher Se dosing improved the percentage of Se sufficient infants, but a third remained deficient. Future studies are needed to prospectively determine if higher Se in TPN prevents Se deficiency.

Biography:

Sujata Sai is a resident in surgery at Manipal Hospital, Bangalore. She is passionate about saving and changing lives. She also enjoys blogging about her experiences as a surgical resident. She has consistently done excellently academically, and has excelled in multiple extracurricular activities as well – She has given the Trinity College of Music Piano exams, is a part of several volunteer organizations for social service and participates in several sports as well.

Abstract:

Background: Extensive vascular lesions can endanger the life of a child by their virtue of consumptive coagulopathy or cardiac failure. A conservative surgical approach is difficult and can be life-threatening due to uncontrolled bleeding. We report successful limb salvage in an infant despite an extensive and infected arterio-venous malformation of upper limb, complicated by severe consumptive coagulopathy

Case: A term male, 3.2kgs, presented with a swelling over left arm detected antenatal. Antenatal scan- soft tissue swelling 10.8 x 6.8 x 5.4cm from left shoulder to elbow with heterogeneous cystic spaces and minimal vascularity/E- non compressible, no bruit heard.

Investigations: Doppler – hypoechoic lesion+ heterogeneous echotexture, numerous cystic spaces, weak color Doppler signal- S/O- Hemangioma. MRI-lobulated soft tissue mass 17x16x9.5cm with an intensive enhancement, necrotic and hemorrhagic areas involving flexor and extensor muscles of the arm. Supplied by branches of axillary and brachial arteries. Diagnosed as-Hemangioma hence was started on propranolol 0.5 mg/kg/ day. At 4 months of age surgery became an imperative lifesaving mode of treatment. 

Operative Procedure:

• Planned for amputation/ disarticulation.
• Axillary vessels identified and controlled
• Tumor excised in Toto
• Flexor and extensor muscles preserved as much as possible
• Radial nerve through the tumor was divided and re-anastomosed
• Disarticulation was hence avoided.
• Arm and hand movements preserved at 10mth follow-up

Conclusion: A conservative limb salvage surgery is possible even in case of an extensive vascular anomaly. A good vascular control is a must to prevent life threatening hemorrhage in a conservative surgery.

Biography:

Chhaya Akshay Divecha has completed her Undergraduate as well as postgraduate (MD Pediatrics) from the reputed Seth G.S. Medical College & KEM Hospital at Mumbai, India. She has also obtained fellowships in Neonatal Intensive Care and Pediatric Intensive Care from the same reputed institution. She is currently Assistant Professor in Pediatrics at College of Medicine, National University of Science and Technology (formerly Oman Medical College) at Sohar, Sultanate of Oman. She has more than 10 years of teaching experience and has published many papers in reputed journals as well as contributed to chapters in four textbooks.

Abstract:

Aims and Objectives: Thrombocytopenia, commonly encountered in intensive care units, has been shown to be independent predictor of mortality and prolonged hospital stay in critically ill. We conducted a study in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) to determine the causes and severity of thrombocytopenia as well as patient outcomes (bleeding and mortality).

Materials and Methods: Observational study was conducted in PICU of tertiary care hospital, India after ethics committee approval. Data was derived from routine examinations and investigations. Detailed information about demographic data, clinical data, length of stay (LOS), periodic platelet counts, primary diagnosis, complications, sites of bleeding (if any), use of mechanical ventilation and outcome in PICU were noted.

Results: Occurrence of thrombocytopenia in study population (N= 491) was 60.3%. Mild, moderate, severe and very severe thrombocytopenia was seen in 27%, 32.1%, 34.1% and 6.8% patients respectively. Causes of thrombocytopenia were sepsis (27%), part of primary illness (25.7%), undetermined cause (24.7%), nosocomial sepsis (21.2%) and drugs (1.4%). 237 (48.3%) patients had bleeding during PICU stay. Maximum patients (26.1%) had respiratory system involvement. Risk factors associated with thrombocytopenia were sepsis, shock and mechanical ventilation. Patients with thrombocytopenia had longer PICU and hospital stay. Patients with infectious disease and hematological disorders had statistically significant chances of thrombocytopenia. Shock was significantly associated with increasing severity of thrombocytopenia. Presence of thrombocytopenia and increasing severity were associated with higher mortality.

Conclusions: Thrombocytopenia is a readily available risk marker of mortality and increased PICU stay. Patients having sepsis, shock and mechanical ventilation are at higher risk of developing thrombocytopenia.

Biography:

Gilma Olaya Vega has completed her PhD at the University College London. She is the Director of Nutrition and Biochemistry Department, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Her research is focus on mother and infant nutrition with the main interest in malnutrition, breastfeeding, complementary feeding and micronutrient (iron zinc) deficiencies. She has been recognized for her research with national awards and one international award.

Abstract:

Mercury concentration in breast milk (BM) is a concern in areas of gold mines, because of environmental risk and food consumption.

Objective: To identify BM nutrient composition and mercury concentration in a sample of BM from lactating women in post-conflict area in Colombia.

Methods: Information of socio-economic status was recorded. BM samples collected using marmet technique, analysed for energy and macronutrients using MIRIS (BM) analyser, mercury concentration quantified using atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Mother’s weight and height were measured. BMI was calculated; food and nutrient intakes were analysed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and a 24-hour recall.

Results: BM samples from 13 lactating women aged 28 (±5.9) in 100ml report 74 (±11.0)kcal, protein 0.9 (±0.4)g, fat 4.3 (±1.3)g and carbohydrates 7.8 (± 0.6) g. Mercury concentration was 0.58 (± 0.1). 53.8% were overweight, 15.4% obese. Mothers consumed mostly fast food, sugary drinks and low dairy products, fruits and vegetables consumption. A significant positive correlation was found between mother´s BMI and fat content in breast milk (r= 0.583, p=0.05). There was no correlation between mother’s food consumption and mercury levels.

Conclusion: Fat content in BM was correlated with mother´s BMI in lactating women with high prevalence of overweight and mercury concentration in BM was not associated with mother´s food consumption.

Biography:

Jessica Williams has completed her PhD at the age of 25 years from Cardiff University School of Medicine, along with postdoctoral studies from Cardiff University School of Biosciences. Contributions to a number of publications in reputable journals.

Abstract:

Omega-6 poly unsaturated fatty acids have caused great controversy in terms of cardiovascular health. However, some have been shown as anti-inflammatory, but their role in atherosclerosis is poorly understood. In this study, we have investigated the impact of DGLA, found in vegetable oils, nuts and seeds, on atherosclerosis progression in vivo. Our previous in vitro studies have shown that DGLA attenuates several pro-atherogenic cellular processes. Studies have moved in vivo, where the impact of DGLA supplementation was determined on cholesterol, triglyceride and organ/body weight in LDLR mice fed a High Fat Diet (HFD). The presence of atherosclerotic plaque was determined in these animals, along with plaque size, lipid content and inflammatory make-up. Whether DGLA supplementation impacted on key atherosclerosis gene expression in the liver was also investigated. 8-week-old, male LDLR mice were fed a HFD DGLA (500mg/kg) for 12 weeks. Plasma samples were analyzed for lipid and lipoprotein levels. Aortic root sections were histologically analyzed to determine plaque presence, size and lipid content. Immunofluorescence was used to further identify plaque inflammatory status. Atherosclerosis PCR arrays were used to determine gene expression from liver samples. Despite no changes in plasma cholesterol levels, DGLA supplementation decreased plaque occlusion and lipid content. Macrophages, smooth muscle cells and T-cells were also decreased in these plaques. In animals fed HFD DGLA, the expression of 5 genes was significantly increased and expression of 20 genes was significantly decreased. These data demonstrate the anti-inflammatory actions of DGLA that can be exploited for the treatment/prevention of atherosclerosis.

Biography:

Naoko Okishima has completed her PhD at the age of 29 years from Tokushima University. She has the license of Registered Dietetic in Japan. She is the lecturer of the Department of Health and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Human Health Science, Matsumoto University. Her main theme of research is food allergy. She speak about the support of food allergy patients at the time of disaster in this time, she have also measured Mal d 1 as the apple OAS allergen from Japanese apple cultivers. In addition, she provides education and training about allergic disease to the teathers and child minds that have to care allergic children.

Abstract:

The huge disaster like as the Great East Japan Earthquake destroyed essential utilities and a lot of people were forced to live in shelters after evacuation. They have to stay at the temporary shelters for a while and have to take ration foods for refuges until they leave there. However, the refugees with food allergy cannot eat rations because no allergen-free foods are supplied. According to the reports, the caregivers of children with food allergies were confronted with difficulties to get allergen-free foods during the evacuation life after the Great East Japan Earthquake and about 5% food allergic children developed the allergic symptoms by the accidental ingestions of foods including the allergens. The ration foods without the allergens were developed after the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011; however, they are insufficient to cope with the entire food allergens.

After the Great East Japan Earthquake, the pack cooking has been focused in Japan. That is to say, ingredients are packed in a heat resistance polyethylene bag tie the bag tightly, and boil the bag by a portable gas stove. The pack cooking needs less water, namely the water for boiling the bags can be used repeatedly and the cooked foods are able to eat directly without plates. Since kinds of menu are varied in each bag, the pack cooking is convenient to make some kinds of food in one pot. Thus these features of the pack cooking make the technique useful to help refugees with food allergy. Moreover, it can also help infants and old persons who need soft food.

From these backgrounds, we investigated whether the pack cooking was available for preparing the allergen-free foods. Firstly, the recipes of pack cooking without 7 specified raw materials for food allergy in Japan eggs, milk, wheat, peanuts, buckwheat, shrimps and crabs were designed. Secondary, the safety of the pack cooking was assessed. To estimate the contamination of the allergens while boiling, an allergen-free bag was boiled with bags contained 7 food allergens. Amount of the transferred allergens from the bags contained allergens to the allergen-free bag were estimated by ELISA. When the allergens were detected in the allergen-free bag the water to boil the packs were concentrated and measured allergens by ELISA. No allergens were detected in the water for boiling the pack, even though the trace amount of allergens was detected from the cooked foods. Chances of allergen contamination in boiling step were extremely low.

From these results, the pack cooking is a good method to cook individual food for food allergen patients at the time of disaster.

Biography:

Gilma Olaya Vega has completed her PhD at the University College London. She is the Director of Nutrition and Biochemistry Department, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Her research is focus on mother and infant nutrition with the main interest in malnutrition, breastfeeding, complementary feeding and micronutrient (iron zinc) deficiencies. She has been recognized for her research with national awards and one international award.

Abstract:

Introduction: Malnutrition in hospitalized children could be undetected with negative effects on health recovery, growth, length of stay and costs.

Objective: To identify nutritional status in Colombian and Venezuelan hospitalized children <5 years of age.

Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with a convenience sample admitted at the hospital UEM in Cucuta, Colombia. Socio-demographic variables was recorded in a questionnaire, nutritional assessment was performed using anthropometric measurements (weight, length/height, head circumference and mid upper arm circumference). Food consumption was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, and physical examination to identify edema.

Analysis: Data is presented as mean (standard deviations), proportions and chi square (significance p<0.05).

Results: Sample size was 99 children, 45% Venezuelan migrant children and 55% Colombian children, 54.5% girls, and 45.5% boys. 19.2% were infants <6mo, infants, 56.6% infants 6 to 24 months and 24.2% children from 2 to 5 years of age. Under nutrition was common 20.2% (20/99) suffer severe acute malnutrition (13.1% suffer Kwashiorkor, 6.1 marasmus and 1.1% kwashiorkor-marasmus). 10.1% moderate acute malnutrition, and 34.3% were stunting (height-length for age <2SD). The highest prevalence of severe acute malnutrition 13.1% (13/99), p<0.05 and stunting 19%, (p<0.002) was in Venezuelan children. The main cause of hospitalization was respiratory infection in infants <24mo and gastrointestinal infections in children 2 to 5 years of age. There was lower consumption with statistical significant difference of milk dairy products (p=0.01), meat (p=0.02), fruits (p=0.007) and vegetables (p=0.01) in Venezuelan children.

Conclusion: Severe and moderate acute malnutrition was common situation that needs further investigation.

Biography:

Iman Barakat is a pediatric consultant at Kingdom Hospital in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. She graduated from Aleppo University, postgraduate training in MRCPCH, London, UK.

Abstract:

The World Health Organization WHO regards obesity as the most serious global public health challenges for the 21^st century. Definition of the obesity according to the BMI charts in children, considering the age and the sex of the child it is different from the definition of obesity in adults. Essential history about the onset of the obesity any genetic factors, lifestyle, eating habits and exercise. “Red Flag” symptoms and signs such as sleep aponea, any other association (obesity with short stature indicate endocrine problem). Differential diagnosis whether the patient has endocrine disease or syndrome (dysmorphic features, developmental delay), secondary obesity due to prolonged use of steroids. Complications, obesity is associated with medical comorbidities affecting many organ systems such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Investigations establish whether the child is short or tall, any dysmorphic features and assess development status. Plot weight and height then BMI according to the charts. Blood test: Hormones test, lipid profile, kidney function, glucose and HBA1c other blood test like genetic test if indicated in the clinical examination. Sleep study according to the history.

Biography:

Anubhuti Sharma completed her PhD in 2002 under the supervision of eminent academician Dr. Vinay Sharma and then she started the journey of career advancement. First she gave priority to UG & PG studies, with recent technologies involved in active teaching e.g. group discussion in the class, Tutorial & surprise tests to understand her students. Side by side she also started active research in the plant molecular biology to explore defense mechanism along with diversity in medicinally important plants. She guided six students for PhD degree and supervised 25 M.Sc. dissertations. She also worked as examiner for UG & PG practical courses at various universities in India.

Abstract:

Background: Members of family cruciferae contain many health promoting and potentially protective phytochemicals including folic acid, phenolics, sinapines, carotenoids, selenium, glucosinolates, and ascorbic acids. However, presence of antinutrients e.g. glucosinolates remains a limiting factor for the use of rape seed meal (RSM) as animal feed. Mutation breeding method is rapid, potential and valuable tool to create genetic variability for various quantitative and qualitative characters in crop plants. Induced mutations are produced by the use of mutagenic agents like physical mutagens (x-rays, Gamma rays etc.) and chemical mutagens (alkylating agents, base analogues etc.). However gamma rays act on genetic material by ionization leading to more of chromosomal rather than point mutations and gamma rays are successfully used in plant breeding program because of its simple application, good penetration, reproducibility and high mutation frequency and less disposal problems.

Objectives: Two Indian mustard varieties were studied for biochemical analysis to explore the potential mutations (Physical and chemical) for raising confidence in using oilseed meal in monogastric diets. This study will focus on the variability of RSM biochemical composition and the influences of mutation on this and major phytochemicals.

Methods: PM-21 & PM-30 were selected to study maximum diversity on oil content, whole-seed glucosinolate content, phytic acid, nutritional factors after the physical after gamma irradiation and EMS treatment. Seeds were grinded and defatted by hexane treatment to prepare seed meal samples. Biochemical characterization was carried out using standard laboratory methodologies for linoleic acid, oleic acid, MUFA, PUFA, total protein, total glucosinolate content, aliphatic glucosinolates, phytic acid, B-carotene and sinapine. A qualitative analysis & quantitative analysis by standard chemical protocol of secondary metabolites in the seeds of rapeseed mustard have been studied. Free and esterified phenolic acids of rapeseed were extracted with petroleum ether and determined by HPLC.

Results: Oil stability index which is the ratio of MUFA: PUFA ranged from 1.34 to 0.56. Total protein content ranged from 30.33 g/100g to 34.84 g/100g. Glucosinolate content averaged 20.4μmol/g with an overall range (21.43-38.6μmol/g). Variation in glucosinolate content among genotypes, also suggest differences in their health promoting properties and the opportunity for enhancement of their levels through genetic manipulation (Kushad et al., 1999). The lower sinigrin content (>15 µmole/g) were also recorded in PM-21. However perusal of glucosinolate and sinigrin data clearly indicates the positive significant relationship between total glucosinolate and sinigrin content. Phytic acid averaged 2.83 g/100g and varied less (1.32-3.78 g/100g). β-carotene content ranged from 4.00 to 6.00 ppm. Sinapine averaged at 8.68 mg/g (5.33-10.21 mg/g). HPLC analysis showed that p-hydroxy benzoic and sinapic acid are the most common phenolics present in almost all the varieties. Other phenolic acids such as caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, protocatechuic acid and vanillic acid were also present in some genotypes in detectable amount.

Conclusion: Biochemical levels of all above studied parameters come closely to the published values for rapeseed meal and show comparatively little variation. β-carotene, phytic acid and sinapine values were generally low with little potential for variety improvement of the cultivars. However the major cause of glucosinolate content variability is genetically controlled and therefore the RSM levels can be improved by controlling the standard set for varietal releases. Revalidation of work is under progress.

Biography:

Anubhuti Sharma completed her PhD in 2002 under the supervision of eminent academician Dr. Vinay Sharma and then she started the journey of career advancement. First she gave priority to UG & PG studies, with recent technologies involved in active teaching e.g. group discussion in the class, Tutorial & surprise tests to understand her students. Side by side she also started active research in the plant molecular biology to explore defense mechanism along with diversity in medicinally important plants. She guided six students for PhD degree and supervised 25 M.Sc. dissertations. She also worked as examiner for UG & PG practical courses at various universities in India.

Abstract:

Background: Members of family cruciferae contain many health promoting and potentially protective phytochemicals including folic acid, phenolics, sinapines, carotenoids, selenium, glucosinolates, and ascorbic acids. However, presence of antinutrients e.g. glucosinolates remains a limiting factor for the use of rape seed meal (RSM) as animal feed. Mutation breeding method is rapid, potential and valuable tool to create genetic variability for various quantitative and qualitative characters in crop plants. Induced mutations are produced by the use of mutagenic agents like physical mutagens (x-rays, Gamma rays etc.) and chemical mutagens (alkylating agents, base analogues etc.). However gamma rays act on genetic material by ionization leading to more of chromosomal rather than point mutations and gamma rays are successfully used in plant breeding program because of its simple application, good penetration, reproducibility and high mutation frequency and less disposal problems.

Objectives: Two Indian mustard varieties were studied for biochemical analysis to explore the potential mutations (Physical and chemical) for raising confidence in using oilseed meal in monogastric diets. This study will focus on the variability of RSM biochemical composition and the influences of mutation on this and major phytochemicals.

Methods: PM-21 & PM-30 were selected to study maximum diversity on oil content, whole-seed glucosinolate content, phytic acid, nutritional factors after the physical after gamma irradiation and EMS treatment. Seeds were grinded and defatted by hexane treatment to prepare seed meal samples. Biochemical characterization was carried out using standard laboratory methodologies for linoleic acid, oleic acid, MUFA, PUFA, total protein, total glucosinolate content, aliphatic glucosinolates, phytic acid, B-carotene and sinapine. A qualitative analysis & quantitative analysis by standard chemical protocol of secondary metabolites in the seeds of rapeseed mustard have been studied. Free and esterified phenolic acids of rapeseed were extracted with petroleum ether and determined by HPLC.

Results: Oil stability index which is the ratio of MUFA: PUFA ranged from 1.34 to 0.56. Total protein content ranged from 30.33 g/100g to 34.84 g/100g. Glucosinolate content averaged 20.4μmol/g with an overall range (21.43-38.6μmol/g). Variation in glucosinolate content among genotypes, also suggest differences in their health promoting properties and the opportunity for enhancement of their levels through genetic manipulation (Kushad et al., 1999). The lower sinigrin content (>15 µmole/g) were also recorded in PM-21. However perusal of glucosinolate and sinigrin data clearly indicates the positive significant relationship between total glucosinolate and sinigrin content. Phytic acid averaged 2.83 g/100g and varied less (1.32-3.78 g/100g). β-carotene content ranged from 4.00 to 6.00 ppm. Sinapine averaged at 8.68 mg/g (5.33-10.21 mg/g). HPLC analysis showed that p-hydroxy benzoic and sinapic acid are the most common phenolics present in almost all the varieties. Other phenolic acids such as caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, protocatechuic acid and vanillic acid were also present in some genotypes in detectable amount.

Conclusion: Biochemical levels of all above studied parameters come closely to the published values for rapeseed meal and show comparatively little variation. β-carotene, phytic acid and sinapine values were generally low with little potential for variety improvement of the cultivars. However the major cause of glucosinolate content variability is genetically controlled and therefore the RSM levels can be improved by controlling the standard set for varietal releases. Revalidation of work is under progress.

Biography:

Farouk Kamel El-Baz was graduated from Cairo University, Cairo. He is a Professor of Biochemistry. He was the Vice President of National Research Centre during the period 2001-2005, awarded the highest state of Egypt Prize of Merit in Advanced Technological Sciences (2008) and Scientific Merit Award in Agric. Sciences of NRC, 2007.The principal investigator (PI) of biodiesel production from algae as a renewable energy source project - which was funded by EU 2014-2017. He is also the PI of Industrial Pharmaceutical Alliance (NRC) sponsored by the Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (Egypt). He published 156 papers in International Journals, he has Supervised 18 Thesis, and serving as the reviewer of many International Journals.

Abstract:

Dunaliella salina and Haematococcus pluvialis are listed as having no toxin.  Dunaliella salina and Haematococcus pluvialis have long been known as the richest source of β-carotene and astaxanthin. They are currently cultivated commercially in several countries in the world. The main functions of both strains are antioxidant, anti-aging. They can be used as nutrition supplement and natural ingredients for cosmetics. This makes them an important product for protecting and refreshing sensitive skin one. Many cosmetics products are appeared in the global market based on both strains. Haematococcus pluvialis is an organism that can produce the highest amount of astaxanthin which is often called the king of antioxidant, photoprotectant.